A century ago, distance and extreme cold meant that Antarctica was only a place for explorers. Modern technology has changed all that. Now cruise liners with up to a thousand passengers travel through the Antarctic waters. Only in the last decade has the Antarctic tourist trade taken off. In the early 90s about 5,000 tourists a year travelled to Antarctica. Last year, there were more than 28,000 visitors, and if the growth continues at the same rate it could be up to 80,000 by 2010.
Tourists that set foot on Antarctica are concentrated in biologically rich sites, and historic or current sites of human activity. Tourism is focused on sites known for fantastic wildlife and stunning scenery. The impact of these routine tourism operations is not yet well known, though industry claims that there has been no impact from several decades of tourism.
Achieving a balance between tourism and managing the pristine wilderness is worrying environmentalists. They are concerned not just by the rising number of tourists but by the changing nature of Antarctic tourism. Large cruise liners run by global companies are now entering the Antarctic tourist trade, marking the beginning of mass tourism in Antarctica. They also carry huge quantities of heavy oil, one of the worst marine pollutants. “The effects of one liner sinking or running aground would be disastrous,” says an environmentalist. While the environmental impact of fifty tourists turning up at a penguin colony or historic hut may be minimal, 800 to 1,000 is a different story. 【題組】18.Which is NOT mentioned as a negative impact that Antarctic tourism has brought to the environment?
(A) The possibility of ships sinking.
(B) Heavy oil and pollutants.
(C) Disturbed wild animals.
(D) Mass construction of huts and hotels.
33 Nearly 1,000 tornadoes ripped across the U.S. heartland in 2011, killing more than 500 people and _____$9 billion in damage.
(A)evolving
(B)inflicting
(C)conjuring
(D)meditating
37 Lily: Can we get together this afternoon at 3:00?
Jean: I’m sorry.______
Lily: How about a bit later?
(A) I am not free until 3:00. (B) I can’t make it then.
(C) I’m having tomorrow off. (D) I can only do it at an earlier hour.
2 E-cigarettes come highly recommended for the _____ smokers to effectively fight the deadly habit.
(A) clandestine (B) recalcitrant (C) lascivious (D) tantamount
12 It was not until the 1970s, when ranchers began acquiring bison with an eye toward encouraging a boutique meat
market, that the species rebounded in significant numbers.
(A) The population of bison increased a lot in the 1970s because ranchers saw the potential of bison as a kind of meat
on the table and started to raise them on their farms.
(B) Bison eyes became a popular item in many jewelry stores in the 1970s when ranchers developed an interest in
purchasing bison.
(C) Many one-eyed bison boutiques were opened in the marketplace in the 1970s, which contributed to the fast
growth of the species on ranches.
(D) There was a big increase in the numbers of the bison species in the 1970s when ranchers started to appreciate its
beauty.
7. The word singer calls to mind one of my favorite _____ in which I am a professional
popular singer.
(A) hobbies (B) fantasies (C) realities (D) factors
44 It is to be confirmed that she took the gold medal in the 100-meter dash.
(A) I heard that she took the gold medal while everyone watched the 100-meter dash.
(B) I heard rumors that she cheated to win the gold medal in the 100-meter dash.
(C) It is certain that she received the gold medal for the 100-meter dash, but no one watched it.
(D) The news that she won first place in the 100-meter dash needs further verification.
36 The minister agreed that it was vital to protect the freedom of ____－their freedom to print news and fair opinion
without being stopped by the government.
(A) news (B) the press (C) the news (D) information
6. In December 2005, anti-immigrant _____ known as HR 4437 passed the house,
touching off what has become the largest wave of protests in US history.
(A) percussion (B) confrontation (C) liberation (D) legislation
7. The long ____southern San Andreas fault could soon suffer a major earthquake ,according to an oceanography researcher. (A)hostile (B)dormant (C)vital (D)significant
31 Sometimes _____ comments or looks exchanged between two guest groups at night clubs or KTVs eventually
lead to a brutal fight between them.
(A) public (B) hilarious (C) justifiable (D) provocative
請依下文回答第 21 題至第 25 題：
At 20, Sarah was shy but lived a normal life. Then, when her marriage broke up a year later, she
suddenly believed she was extremely ugly. “Sometimes I’d lie in bed all day because I couldn’t face the
mirrors in the bathroom,” she says. “If I did go out, I’d cover my face with my hands. If I saw myself in a
mirror, I’d burst into tears and run home.” After spending $35,000 in three years on cosmetic surgery, Sarah
saw a television program about body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and recognized the symptoms. She saw Dr.
David Veale, an expert in BDD, and had two months in hospital and two months of daily therapy. Today, she
is coping with her condition.
BDD is an illness characterized by distorted body image—sufferers are affected by small or imagined
defects in their appearance. “It’s still underdiagnosed,” says Veale. “That’s dangerous as there’s a high rate of
suicide with it.” The condition affects one in 100 people, and some experts believe the number of sufferers is
growing fast, thanks to the increasing emphasis on physical perfection in society and the media. It often starts
in teenage years and can be triggered by stress, extreme teasing, or sexual abuse.
It affects as many men as women, particularly those who are sensitive, perfectionist or work in an
artistic field. It can take the form of a general feeling of ugliness or can focus on a particular body part, most
commonly the face. Sufferers may do everything they can to hide their “flaw” and can develop obsessive
rituals such as checking their appearance, adjusting their hair, or measuring the hated body part. They can
become addicted to cosmetic surgery or weightlifting.
Once established, BDD causes a change in the brain chemistry, particularly of the neurotransmitter
serotonin, which regulates happiness and satisfaction. The most effective treatment seems to be a
combination of cognitive therapy and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor drug, such as Prozac.
【題組】24 What is a person affected by BDD least likely to do?
(A)Think that their whole body is ugly.
(B)Turn to excessive exercise to look fit.
(C)Look in the mirror frequently to see how they look.
(D)Measure the body part that they find adorable.
33 New immigrants not only need to adjust to a new culture, they also, often, must _____ with traumatic
experiences from their past.
(A) come to terms (B) come in handy (C) catch up (D) team up
42 As the global economy will experience big and small changes in the coming decades, some economists believe
a _______ minimal income is a way to start. But some fear to see a lot of idle hands who have no intention of working. (A)dependant (B)loose (C)preserved (D)guaranteed
3 A _______ was brought in to fix the damage of the external walls of the school building caused by the
salt air. (A) conductor (B) compiler (C) contractor (D) composer
13 Most migrants were not treated fairly in the American society in the 19th century when the _____ of
Asians was widespread throughout the Western society. (A) oppression (B) elevation (C) inclination (D) assumption
33 The news of the forest fire filled them with _____ because they had just had a good vacation there.
(A) dismay (B) relief (C) turbulence (D) lucidity
20 Donald is still ______ , but it’s a matter of time when he will become an experienced worker in the
shipping company one day. (A) wet behind the ears (B) green with envy (C) paying an arm and a leg (D) touching his heart
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